Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Clinical Isolates Reveals Characteristic Architecture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pangenome

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122979

Figure Lengend Snippet: Salient features of the 96 M . tuberculosis complex genomes used in the present study.

Article Snippet: 6. , M. bovis BCG str. ATCC 35743 , AEZH01 , 28 , 4036.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Clinical Isolates Reveals Characteristic Architecture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pangenome

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122979

Figure Lengend Snippet: The flower plots depict the distribution of accessory genome HGCs across different species of MTBC. (A) Flower plot showing number of accessory HGCs present in Mtb (in center) and number of species-specific genes in the leaves. (B) Number of species-specific genes of M . bovis in leaves and total accessory HGCs in center. (C) M . canettii has accessory HGCs in center and species-specific genes in leaves. (D and E) The genomes of M . africanum and M . orygis have four and five species-specific genes respectively (outer circle) and total accessory HGCs in the center.

Article Snippet: 6. , M. bovis BCG str. ATCC 35743 , AEZH01 , 28 , 4036.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Clinical Isolates Reveals Characteristic Architecture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pangenome

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122979

Figure Lengend Snippet: The diagonal represent the number of clusters present in any given strain and divides the data into exactly similar halves. Color key indicates the distribution of clusters. The sharing is irrespective of the cluster being present in any other strain. The minimum number of shared clusters is 109 clusters between Mcan CIPT 140070008 and Mbovis BCG Phipps and maximum (521) is between Mbovis BCG Sweden and Mbovis BCG Prague9.

Article Snippet: 6. , M. bovis BCG str. ATCC 35743 , AEZH01 , 28 , 4036.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Typical examples of MGC formation after 3 days of culture. Monocytes were stimulated with BCG (0.4/cell; a), T-SN (50%) (b), BCG–T-SN (c); or ConA-SN (50%) (d). Stimulation of cells in different fusion systems leads to very different fusion rates (in the examples shown, about 4% [a]), 10% [b], 30% [c], and 70% [d]). The inset in Fig. ​Fig.1c1c exemplifies that phagocytosis of whole cells by other cells might contribute to MGC formation. Giemsa staining; magnification, ×50 (×75 for inset).

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Staining

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Stimulation of human monocytes with mycobacteria and T-SN in combination leads to more than additive fusion rates compared to stimulation with one component alone. Monocytes were cultured for 3 days with viable BCG (0.4/cell), BCG-SN (50%), or T-SN (50%) alone or with viable BCG, heat-killed (h.k.) BCG (0.4/cell), or M. tuberculosis H37Ra (M.tb.; 1:64) in combination with T-SN. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 4 to 18). Fusion rates induced by stimuli in combination were significantly different from those obtained with BCG or T-SN alone (P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: A relatively low BCG/cell ratio is optimal for MGC formation. Monocytes were cultured with indicated BCG numbers per cell and T-SN (50%) for 3 days. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 4 to 10). ⧫, cell loss in 2 of 10 experiments; ⧫⧫, cell loss in 4 of 10 experiments.

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: MGC containing mycobacteria. Monocytes (1.2 × 105) were cultured with BCG (0.4/cell) and T-SN (50%) in Lab-Tek chamber slides. After 3 days, mycobacteria were stained with carbol fuchsin and nuclei of MGC were counterstained with malachite green. Magnification, ×100.

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Staining

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: MGC formation induced by BCG in combination with T-SN requires direct contact of monocytes and mycobacteria. Monocytes were stimulated with BCG (0.4/cell) and T-SN (50%) in cell culture plates containing transwell inserts. Monocytes and BCG were either cultured in the same compartment or separated by the semipermeable membrane of the insert. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 10). The fusion rates obtained with these two culture conditions differed significantly (P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Membrane

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of CD18 MAb on MGC formation. Monocytes were cultured for 3 days with BCG (0.4/cell) and T-SN (50%) or ConA-SN (50%). CD18 MAb was added simultaneously in the concentrations indicated. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between cultures with and without antibody (∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of MAb against IFN-γ on MGC formation. Monocytes were cultured for 3 days with BCG (0.4/cell) and T-SN (50%) or with ConA-SN (50%). Anti-IFN-γ MAb was added simultaneously in the concentrations indicated. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 2 to 5). The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between cultures with and without antibody (∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal:

Article Title: Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells In Vitro by Culture of Human Monocytes with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Combination with Cytokine-Containing Supernatants

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of MAb against TNF-α on MGC formation. Monocytes were cultured for 3 days with BCG (0.4/cell) and T-SN (50%) or ConA-SN (50%). Anti-TNF-α MAb was added simultaneously in the concentrations indicated. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 4 to 5). The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between cultures with and without antibody (∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, strain Chicago, ATCC [American Type Culture Collection] 27289), BCG lysate (without membranes), and supernatant of BCG cultures (BCG-SN) were a kind gift from I. Flesch, Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Techniques: Cell Culture